IMMIGRATION AND ASSYLUM (UK) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

IMMIGRATION AND ASSYLUM (UK) - Essay Example ASYLUM PROCESS If Mr. Kibi is residing in UK and now if he fear returning to his home country because of his maltreatment which he will face in Eritrea he therefore qualifies as a refugee. He may be granted refugee status in the UK and on the basis of which he will be granted permission to remain in the UK for five years. After the completion of this period the person can still ask for UK’s protection and now this time he will be granted permanent stay in the UK. In order to meet the criteria as a refugee, Mr. Kibi needs to convince the authorities if he fulfills the definition of refugee, as written in the UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. This definition entails that individual is required to demonstrate that he has a well founded fear of prosecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of social group or having specific political opinions about your former home country. The protection which is provided to a recognized refugee is called asyl um according to which the UK officials agree not to send you back to a country where you will be subjected to such persecution. The application procedure which Mr. Kibi can follow while residing in UK is to make application to the Home Office by attending an Asylum Screening Unit. These units are located in different areas of UK. It is essential for Mr. Kibi to contact a lawyer specializing in asylum law to assist him throughout the process. Mr. Kibi will be called for an in-depth interview after submitting the application. The interview will be conducted to inquire Mr. Kibi about the fear of persecution and he will also be provided a questionnaire which needs to be filled out as quickly as possible. Mr. Kibi will be required to give detailed statement about his fear of being persecuted and he will also be required to provide details about his persecution experiences that you have suffered in the past. Mr. Kibi will be required to provide objective information which can be presented to human rights organizations or to the press and various other media sources that can prove that the kind of persecution Mr. Kibi has experienced were against the human rights. Mr. Kibi solicitor can greatly help him in accessing this information. Mr. Kibi should provide information regarding his military service in 1997 and his involvement in the fight on front line at Bure in 1998. He should clearly explain that in 1999 he was detained for three days for refusing to obey commands and further in 2000 he unfortunately received an injury to his thigh whilst fighting and then he was hospitalized for three months. Mr. Kibi must mention in his application that in 2002 he was detained for two weeks when he inquired about his expenses and then in 2005 he was stationed near Adi Quala where he was again injured fighting. At this point he was sent for hospitalization for one year and from there he was moved to Keren where his time was assigned to work for military hospital and part time fo r military camp. In his interview with case owner, Mr. Kibi should also mention that in 2008 he wrote an article for criticizing the government on their attitude towards military members when they get injured during their service period. Now he should also clearly elaborate to his case owner during the interview that at this point, as a result of the above consequences Mr. Kibi felt that it is no

Communication Case Essay Example for Free

Communication Case Essay Ethics Case 4-7 – Income Statement Presentation of Unusual Loss Requirement The Cranor Corporation suffered $10 million in expenses linked to a product recall. The company had endured product recalls in the past and they still occur in the business. To show revenue from continuing operations, Jim Dietz, the controller, wishes to describe the $10 million as an extraordinary loss, instead of an expense included in operating income. He states to the CEO that the company has never had a product recall of this size and that the corporation fixed the design flaw and improved quality control. The drawback is, in order for Jim to categorize the loss as an extraordinary item, he must view that the losses in the company’s financial statements are infrequent and unusual. He must also presume this event is not likely to occur again in the future profitability. (Spiceland, Sepe, Nelson, 2013, p. 188) The Journal of Accountancy states that extraordinary items are gains and losses that are material, and result from events that are both unusual and infrequent. (Extraordinary Items Share Exclusive Company , 2013) These criteria must be considered in light of the environment in which the entity operates. There obviously is a considerable degree of subjectivity involved in the determination. The concepts of unusual and infrequent require judgment. In making these judgments, an accountant should keep in mind the overall objective of the income statement. The key question is how the event relates to a firm’s future profitability. If it is judged that the event, because of its unusual nature and infrequency of occurrence, is not likely to occur again, separate reporting as an extraordinary item is warranted. The ethical dilemma faced by Jim Dietz and the company’s chief executive officer is that it appears from the facts of the case that it would be difficult for the company to come to the conclusion that a material product recall is not likely to occur again in the foreseeable future. This type of event has occurred before and is common in the industry. While a subjective judgment, extraordinary treatment of the $10 million does not appear warranted. Is the obligation of Jim and the CEO to maximize income from continuing operations, the company’s position on the stock market and management bonuses stronger than their obligation to fairly present  accounting information to the users of financial statements? If they decide to go with Jim’s suggestion, it would be misleading to the shareholders and creditors about the lost suffered. The misrepresenting of the stakeholders and money market would be sinful and display wickedness, while if the corporation is straightfor ward with the market and shareholders it will demonstrate moral values and show that the corporation is working in the best interest of the investors by not misleading them when it comes to losses. In Exodus 23:1-2 it speaks about bearing a false report. The New International Version states: â€Å"Do not spread false reports. Do not help a guilty person by being a malicious witness. Do not follow the crowd in doing wrong.† With Jim and the CEO being in a management position, they are required to perform many activities in running the entity in the best interest of stakeholders. Their duties include leading and directing an entity, including making important decisions concerning the acquisition, deployment and control of human financial, physical and intangible resources. They are supposed to take the charge for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance to the accounting policies. (Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, 2013) I think the Cranor Company should include the loss in their net income and continue with the product recall. Including the loss in their net income will show honesty to its stakeholders. They may not receive a bonus, but it is better for them to be honest than risk the consequences of lying about the loss. Leviticus 19:11 says, â€Å"Do not steal. Do not lie. Do not deceive one another. (The Quest Study Bible, New International Version, 1994) By seeing the scripture we can detect how this relates to accounting ethics. Leviticus 19:11 explains that that we are not to steal, and ultimately mislead others. When we associate this verse to this ethical dilemma it would describe Jim Dietz and the company chief executive officer of deceiving the stock market into thinking that the loss was truly an extraordinary item on income statement when in reality, they are misleading them to get a bonus. References The Quest Study Bible, New International Version. (1994). Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House. Extraordinary Items Share Exclusive Company . (2013, September 3). Retrieved from Journal of Accountancy: http://www.journalofaccountancy.com/Issues/2007/May/ExtraordinaryItemsShareExclusiveCompany.htm Handbook of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. (2013). New York: International Federation of Accountants. Spiceland, D., Sepe, J., Nelson, M. (2013). Intermediate Accounting (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Evaluation of brand management at Odeon cinema

Evaluation of brand management at Odeon cinema Brand management module has been a crucial part of my masters program, me along with my group members worked really hard in accomplishing this task. All the four group members are really cooperative and every individual contributed considerably in writing the group report. Our group report is all about defining the various branding aspects such as brand image, brand positioning and brand effectiveness. We have chosen three brands which are related to entertainment industry such as Odeon cinemas, Cineworld cinemas and Vue cinema which are well known and most influencing market players in United Kingdom entertainment sector. I would like to thank university management for giving access to international databases such as EMERALD and EBSCO as I have used few journals and articles related to Brand and Branding concepts from these databases. Each individual of the group worked extensively on gathering the information and writing the report without plagiarism. We have taken all necessary st eps in order to avoid plagiarism. I have gathered information related Odeon cinemas and compared with other two cinema brands namely Cineworld and Vue cinemas. I worked extensively on Odeon cinemas website and recent interim report in order to find its rank and market share details. Introduction: Brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design or a combination of them, intended to define the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. In the present day competitive business scenarios the concept of branding product or services is important and properly built brands lasts long in market. Companies invests huge amount in building brands and maintaining brand image as it plays vital in making businesses successful. Branding helps the organization to gain competitive advantage for their products/services in markets. Odeon cinemas and Branding: Odeon has evolved as a market leader in entertainment industry of United Kingdom and it has been leading the market since decades. Being a prominent market player Odeon is one among the largest cinema chains of UK. Decades experience in entertaining UK audiences made Odeon cinemas to capture more market share and today it is entertaining more people when compared to other entertainment companies such as Cineworld and Vue cinemas. Odeon sells one third of tickets sold in UK which shows that Odeon is the most influencing cinema company in the market. Odeon cinemas was founded by Oscar Deutsch in 1930 which was later acquired by J Arthur Rank 1941 who was fond of film distribution and production. The Rank organizations lead Odeon cinemas for further 58 years. Brand Slogan: Odeon Cinemas Fanatical about Film Brand Image: Brand image is the current view of the customers about a brand. It can be better defined as unique group of associations in target customers mind about a particular brand. It is an impression on companys product/services in customers minds. Brand image can be further reinforced by enhanced brand communication activities such as promotional tools, advertising, publicity through word of mouth and packaging. Brand image promotes the service/products differently from competitors. After extensive re-branding campaign in 1998, Odeon has evolved as strong brand in UK. Re-branding process enhanced the existing brand image of Odeon making it market leader. Odeon with brand slogan Fanatical about film has reached more number of customers than earlier and provided UK audience with outstanding services. Brand position: Brand positioning refers to target consumers reason to buy your brand in preference to others. Brand positioning should take various aspects in to consideration and it is necessary that the brand should be unique and distinctive when compared to competitors. Is the brand suitable to all major geographic markets. Odeon has entered other markets in Europe and successfully running business operations. Odeon has achieved strategic financial goals and has been performing really well at all locations in UK and Europe. Odeon is sustainably growing and updating itself with changing technologies in order to give optimized customer satisfaction. Odeon is well known and occupied position in worlds most influencing cinema chains and it is considered to be largest in Europe. Odeon under Terra group has undergone considerable changes and the Terra group successfully transformed 350 screens in to 3D during the first quarter of the financial year 2010. Brand Effectiveness: More recently the Odeon cinema was acquired by Terra firm which is a private equity firm on September 2004 and also it also acquired United cinema International in October 2004, Now Odeon cinema group is looking ahead to enhance their market share and expecting positive growth which ensures to continue its unique position in cinema industry of United Kingdom. Odeon cinema has been unique in its style and always gave tough competition to other key market players of United Kingdom Cinema industry. Branding Slogans Odeon Cinemas- Fanatical about Film Cineworld Cinemas- Leading the way in digital and 3D cinema Vue Cinemas- The ultimate cinema experience References: Definition of Branding-03, Nov, 2010- http://0-web.ebscohost.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=109sid=c1be809a-db3a-46fe-b3ff-02e29105dda2%40sessionmgr111 Introduction to Brand management- 03, Nov, 2010- http://0-web.ebscohost.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=109sid=458837c7-8692-4ec9-b8b7-b5fc274daf69%40sessionmgr112 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/brand-image.html http://www.iabuk.net/richmediaroadshow/media/pdfs/6_Measuringbrand.pdf http://www.screendigest.com/news/vue-cinemas-switches-ads-to-rivals-dcm/view.html http://www.myvue.com/about_ustxt.asp?SessionID= http://www.myvue.com/corporate/index.asp?SessionID=cn=1ci=39ln=1ic=1 http://www.cineworldplc.com/strategy http://www.myvue.com/corporate/news.asp?sb=1SessionID=cn=1ln=1intThisPageStructureID=10809 http://www.managementstudyguide.com/brand-image.htm Cineworld Group plc Interim Report 2010, Definition of Brand positioning, http://www.va-interactive.com/inbusiness/editorial/sales/ibt/branding.html http://www.myvue.com/corporate/vuecompany.asp?sb=1SessionID=cn=1ln=1intThisPageStructureID=111 Paul Marsden, (2002), Brand positioning: memes the word,307-312 Ries, A. and Trout, J. (1982), positioning: The Battle for Your Mind, Warner Books, New York, NY. Strategic Brand Management by Kevin Lane Keller, second edition. http://www.brand-image.com (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() http://www.tut.fi/units/tuta/tita/2006-2007/TITA-2300/Allegretti_Brand.pdf Yamen Koubaa,(2007),Country of origin, brand image perception, and brand image structure, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences, Kobe, Japan. Erickson, G.A, Johansson, J.K. and Chao, P. (1984), Image variables in multi-attribute product evaluations; country of origin effects, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 10 No. 2.

Charlotte Brontes Jane eyre and Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea Essay exa

Charlotte Bronte's Jane eyre and Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea The Sargasso Sea is a relatively still sea, lying within the south-west zone of the North Atlantic Ocean, at the centre of a swirl of warm ocean currents. Metaphorically, for Jean Rhys, it represented an area of calm, within the wide division between England and the West Indies. Within such an area, a sense of stability, permanence and identity may be attained, despite the powerful, whirling currents which surround it. But outside of this ?sea?, one may be destabilised, drawn away by these outside forces, into the vast expanse of ?ocean? between the West Indies and Europe. Outside of these metaphorical and geographical oceanic areas, one may become the victim of these currents, subject to their vagaries and fluctuations, no longer able to personally define, with any certainty, where one is culturally or geographically located. For Jean Rhys, Jane Eyre depicted representations of a Creole woman and West Indian history which she knew to be inaccurate. ?Bertha Mason is mad; and she came from a mad family; idiots and maniacs through three generations. Her mother, the Creole, was both a madwoman and a drunkard!? She is further described as having a ?discoloured face?, ?a savage face? with ?fearful blackened inflation? of the features, ?the lips were swelled and dark?; described as a demon, witch, vampire, beast and hyena1. But nowhere in the novel does Bronte allow ?the madwoman in the attic? to have a voice, to explain what may have caused her madness. Rhys says: ?The mad wife in Jane Eyre always interested me. I was convinced that Charlotte Bronte must have had something against the West Indies and I was angry about it. Otherwise, why did she take a West Indian for that horrible lunatic, for that really dreadful creature2 So in Wide Sargasso Sea, Rhys rewrites Bronte?s canonical text according to her own, personal experiences, as both a white West Indian and a woman. But, giving Antoinette a voice, she exposes truth behind madness: The history of the land in which she lived, and the role of the woman in it, was a tale of Victorian, patriarchal values and colonial exploitation; polarised ideology, division and confrontation in racial, cultural, sexual and historical issues. In a literary sense, Antoinette?s voice, once heard, would not only offer mitigating reasons for her madness... ...tim of Victorian patriarchal colonialism she sought to give her a voice. In giving her a voice, she also revisits her own childhood and life experiences, giving herself the chance to be heard: To locate herself, emotionally, culturally and in literary terms, within the many binary oppositions in the book. To find a stable and secure place like the Wide Sargasso Sea. Works Cited: ANGIER, Carole: Jean Rhys London, Penguin, 1992. BAER, Elizabeth. R: ?The Sisterhood of Jane Eyre and Antoinette Cosway?, in Elizabeth Abel, Marianne Hirsch and Elizabeth Langland, eds The Voyage In: Fictions of Female Development London, University Press of New England, 1983, pp.131-149. BOUMELHA, Penny: ?Jane Eyre, Jamaica and the Gentleman?s House?, Southern Review, 21 July 1988. BRONTE, Charlotte: Jane Eyre Middlesex, Penguin, 1994. ERWIN, Lee: ?Like a Looking Glass?: History and Narrative in Wide Sargasso Sea in Novel, Winter 1989 HAVELY, Cicely Palser: Wide Sargasso Sea: Real and Imagined Islands BBC TV, 1998. NEWMAN, Julie: ?I Walked With a Zombie?, in The Ballistic Bard: Postcolonial Fictions London, Arnold, 1995. RHYS, Jean: Wide Sargasso Sea London: Penguin, 1997.

Assignment 1 Ptlls, Level 4

Assignment 1 – PTLLS – Level 4 Task 1. Establishing ground rules and promoting appropriate behaviour. Level 4. Explain the different approaches you have discovered for establishing ground rules to value the contributions of others and understand the need for respect?Ground rules can be agreed as a group or as a class, having a mutual agreement from the class helps establish and promote respect for each other, knowing what is intended from the class and taking responsibility for learning as individuals and as a group, as working as a team and respecting each others opinions, and agreeing to disagree, however still respecting the other person’s opinions. Discussing and agreeing ground rules with the class makes for transparency and openness with the class and individual awareness of this matter.Ideally it may resolve any animosity. Inclusive learning is about recognizing that each learner is different from other learners in many ways. As a teacher; you need to work in partnership with your learners to ensure that learning is effective. Partnerships always work best when both sides know where they stand. If your learners understand what is required of them and what they can expect from you, they are more likely to make the necessary commitment to learning and to be successful in achieving their aims and ambitions. Gravells and Simpson 2008, p. 21) Promoting appropriate behaviour so that individuals respect each other and this would also help eradicate bullying style of behaviour. Although, you would think this would not happen with adults, however it does. ‘The know it all’, explaining to the class whilst interrupting teaching, giving too many personal experiences or examples, this can be really frustrating for the learner, who needs to listen and understand the point of the teacher.Once ground rules have been established this would make the individual / class aware of their own behaviour for example ‘only having one convers ation at a time in the class’ and ‘respecting other people’s contributions’. Has adults in a further education environment, one would know how to behave appropriately. Ice-breakers are a great way of getting to know each other, having fun and knowing something about someone can also promote respect. Well-chosen icebreakers can ease learners through the discomfort of getting to know others, and the teacher better.They can help to set a positive atmosphere for learner interactions and encourage interest in the overall learning experience. (Gravells and Simpson 2008, p. 10) Having boundaries for a teacher and learner also promotes respect and appropriate behaviour for the teacher and the learners. This may include personal space, physical contact, other students within the institution, the age of the student being taught, the location: college, work place, training etc.This is also to safe guard minors, well being, duty of care, equality and work ethics, it i s important not to overstep these. For example; if a teacher accepts a gift such as money or diamonds, this maybe considered has favourtism, bribery, (boundaries can be agreed about giving / receiving gifts, thus the type of gift presented to either party) and if a teacher gives gifts to a minor this maybe considered as grooming, it is important not to overstep this grey area. (Gravells and Simpson 2008, p. 1 and 12) explains the reasoning behind ground rules: Agreeing ground rules with learners Under the new Professional Standards for Teachers, Tutors and Trainers in the Lifelong Learning Sector your aim will be to create a safe learning environment that promotes tolerance, respect and co-operation between your learners. One of the best ways of achieving this is to develop an agreement with your learners regarding ground rules. These are rules that should be agreed by, and followed by, all learners within your group.Involving your learners in the process encourages them to take res ponsibility and ownership for their own learning. Your learners will learn best in an environment in which they are able to participate, voice their opinions, ask questions and be actively involved in determining how they will learn. Ground rules should be agreed by the whole group rather than imposed by you. By showing an interest in their decisions, you are communicating with your learners that they are valued as individuals, who bring useful skills and knowledge to the session.You might think that they will agree to switch off their mobile phones and arrive on time. However, it might be useful to get them to think about dividing their ground rules into rights and responsibilities; for example: †¢ We have a right to: o Be treated with respect; o Be listened to; o Be assured of confidentiality. †¢ We have a responsibility to: o Be on time for sessions; o Not disrupt the session; o Switch off mobile phones. (Gravells and Simpson 2008, p. 11 and 12)We all have a right to le arn, listen and contribute in class, as individuals will have their own intent for how and what end results they desire. Knowing this contributes to respect for others, as we all have different learning styles. Has an individual has paid to study and not be disrespected by anyone within the location and in the class. Word Count: 814 Reference List: Gravells, A. and Simpson, S. (2008) Planning and Enabling Learning in the Lifelong Learning Sector Learning Matters Ltd. Exeter.

Aggregate supply Essay Example

Aggregate supply Essay Example Aggregate supply Essay Aggregate supply Essay Aggregate supply Aggregate supply curve showing the three ranges: Keynesian, Intermediate, and Classical. In economics, aggregate supply is the total supply of goods and services that firms in a national economy plan on selling during a specific time period. It is the total amount of goods and services that firms are willing to sell at a given price level in an economy. Analysis There are two main reasons why Qs might rise as P rises, i. e. , why the AS curve is upward sloping: Aggregate supply is usually inadequate to supply ample opportunity. Usually this is fixed capital equipment. The AS curve is drawn given ome nominal variable, such as the nominal wage rate. In the short run, the nominal wage rate is taken as fixed. Thus, rising P implies higher profits that Justify expansion of output. In the neoclassical long run, on the other hand, the nominal wage rate varies with economic conditions. (High unemployment leads to falling nominal wages and vice-versa. ) An alternative model starts with the notion that any economy involves a large number of heterogeneous types of inputs, including both fixed capital equipment and labor. Both main types of inputs can be unemployed. The upward-sloping AS urve arises because (1) some nominal input prices are fixed in the short run (as in the neoclassical theory) and (2) as output rises, more and more production processes encounter bottlenecks. At low levels of demand, there are large numbers of production processes that do not use their fixed capital equipment fully. Thus, production can be increased without much in the way of diminishing returns and the average price level need not raise much (if at all) to Justify increased production. The AS curve is flat. On the other hand, when demand is high, few production processes have unemployed fixed inputs. Thus, bottlenecks are general. Any increase in demand and production induces increases in prices. Thus, the AS curve is steep or vertical. AS is targeted by government supply side policies which are meant to increase productivity efficiency and national output. For example, education and training and research and development. Is Denatlon good or Dao Tor tne economy? In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate falls below 0% (a negative inflation rate). This should not be confused with disinflation, a slow-down in the inflation rate (i. when inflation declines to lower levels). Inflation reduces the real value of money over time; conversely, deflation increases the real value of money the currency of a national or regional economy. This allows one to buy more goods with the same amount of money over time. Deflation messes up the economy and causes recessions. When there is deflation the effective int erest rates are high, and only highly profitable investments are better than Just holding your money. This reduces the total investment spending and the demand for goods and services and slow growth in productivity.

Projectiles essays

Projectiles essays 1. Title: Measuring the time of Projectiles 2. Hypothesis: If a ball is thrown and then also launched from the same height, will the ball reach the ground in the same amount of time. 3. Method: A ball was held at the edge of a flat surface, approximately 89.6m high, and then was released, timing how long it took the ball to reach the ground. This procedure was done three times in order to find an average time that it took the ball to hit the ground. Then taking the same ball and the same height place the ball 26m from the edge and launch it off of the flat surface. Begin timing how long it takes the ball takes to reach the ground once the ball reaches the edge of the surface. This was also done three times to find the average of the times. Dropped Launched 5. Analysis: According to the results, it shows that the average amount of time that it took the ball to reach the ground when it was launched was less then the amount of time it took the ball to reach the ground when it was dropped directly down. These results may suggest that when an object it launched it gains more speed causing it to travel faster and reached the ground quicker then an object that is just simply released. 6. Conclusion: If a ball is thrown and then also launched from the same height, will the ball reach the ground in the same amount of time? According to this experiment this statement does not hold true. The results show that the object that was launched took less time to reach the ground then the object that was dropped. However, these results may vary experiment to experiment due to human error and the difficulty of timing a situation that occurs in a very small amount of time. These results of timing contain human reaction time whi ...

Expatriate Failure Essay Example

Expatriate Failure Essay Example Expatriate Failure Paper Expatriate Failure Paper Studies undertaken in this area have shown that there is a high rate of failure among expatriates mainly because of their and their families inability to deal with the uncertainties associated with Reasons for this failure can be improper selection criteria and mechanisms, lack of earlier international experience , cross cultural training ,individual factors, Job related factors, home country situations, host country situations, and various other non-Job related reasons( Black,et al,1991). These failures can, not only be detrimental to organizations growth in overseas but also can create problems In the personal life of these elite executives. This essay tries to Investigate the reasons for the expatriate failure and suggest remedies to bring down the percentage of this evil or If possible completely eradicate It. Proper understanding of the term expatriate failure will help In finding the reasons as well as to suggest remedies. According to Lee(2007), presently available literature lacks wider acceptance because ,expatriate failure is studied on the basis of only premature return and it fails to show the true picture of the extend of this vicious phenomenon. The use of this definition can be misleading and can cover up underlying issues, as it implies the completion of duration of expatriate tenure is a definite success and completely forgets the important factors like achieving performance objectives, repatriation difficulties and undervaluing the skills and knowledge developed by the expatriates. With this wider perspective reasons for the expatriate failure can be analyzed in a more fruitful and meaningful manner (Harding, 1995; Harrison, 1999). Reasons for the failure of expatriates Various studies have established the failure rate of expatriates Is exceedingly high ND cost incurred can be substantial (Sanchez, et al, 2000: Forester, 1997). The Survey conducted by GAMMA Global relocation in May, 2008 identified three main reasons for the expatriate failure (Halide, et al 2010) . These reasons are, finding right candidate, helping employees and their families and retraining these employees once the assignment is completed. Existing literature review demonstrates, selection of the appropriate expatriate, absence or poorly developed cross-cultural training programs and spouse and family related issues (Zaire;Banzai, 1985; Black ;Maidenhead, 1990; Black ;Stephens, 1999) . Some others point out technical Incapability and lace of home country support (Lee,2007)can also contribute to this failure. For a fruitful discussion all these reasons can be grouped Into four 1) Selection of Appropriate Candidate categories. 2) Cultural adaptability 3) Spouse and family related issues 4) Lack AT none country support Selection of appropriate candidate In most of the cases perfect candidate is Just a dream for the HER mangers. They have to choose from the available candidates who are willing to be relocated. Along with lack of availability of good candidates there is a jack of consensus among HER mangers in deciding the criteria for selection of expatriates. A study conducted by Tune (1987) found that companies put over emphasis on technical capability while selecting the expatriates, but the study proved that this reason is not among the first five contributors in expatriate failure. A research conducted by Stone (1991) among Australian and Asian managers demonstrated that different managers ranked different criteria for expatriate selection. Foreign postings are no longer seen as golden opportunity and they are being turn down as they are not worthy enough the struggle . The result of a survey conducted by Pay ;Benefit consultant, William M, Mercer. (Clarke, 1997) demonstrated that expatriate staff in general is let down by the selection and grooming procedures. Fifty percent of the organizations do not have a structured selection procedure and do not give any cultural briefing for the workers ready to go overseas. Employers have started understanding the difficulty in finding the right and willing staff along with need for integrating HER strategies for selection and recruitment of international positions. Cultural adaptability- Expatriates have to deal tit different ways of life and unaccustomed work environments which can be a cause of increasing stress. Research conducted by Seller and Lung (Halide et al 2010) showed that expatriates who find it difficult to adjust work and life in the foreign country are expected to perform poorly. According to another survey conducted by Just landed in 2008(Halley, et al, 2007) found that the biggest problems were adapting to local culture (85%) followed getting new friends (72%) and 42% was related to the difficulties with learning the new language. Most of the time spouse ho deals with the local people needs more support. However detail may be the cultural training given by the HER department it is impractical to expect an executive to acquire everything about the culture of a country prior to traveling to that country. According to Black, quoted by Wang (2008) factors like urge for adjustment, skills and management capability, social relations, tolerance to uncertainty, faith and ability to satisfy expectations can help to reduce the cultural shock in the host country. Cultural intelligence could help the expatriates to face the cultural differences in a utter manner Spouse and family related issues Family related issues are higher because of the profile of the typical expatriate employee. Most of expatriates are aged between the age of 30-40 and this is the time of highest family commitment. More than 60% of the expanse take their spouse when they take an overseas assignment. This most of the time end up in partner sacrificing established carrier and compensation. One of the research conducted by ACE International (Clarke, 1997) found that the number one reason for turning down international opportunity is the disruption of partners career. Children schooling can be another major reason . Recent discussions with a I-J expatriate in China pointed out the security safety issue of teen age children is a growing issue for many expatriates as they become rebellious because of the new culture and missing of friends. William M, Mercer study showed that, one third of the companies put some kind of an effort to prepare ten Tamales out oaten Ana up long It supernaturally. Lack AT none country support Expatriates need support before leaving the country, while working overseas and while returning. Expatriates may face many hassles in the host country ND support from the home country can serve as a source of relief for them. Support does not end in having a good pay package and cultural training. Support is required in work and non work related areas. A study conducted by Shaffer and Harrison (1998) proved that support for the direct, indirect and moderate influence of non work satisfaction can be decision points for expatriates quit their assignments . Virginia Hollies, vice president of ICING international expatriate benefits (CUBE) commented recently that organizations have to spend little more to take better are of expatriates as it is cheaper than loosing good people. During assignment expatriates are faced with serious challenges both in daily life and business activities. Research sponsored by CUBE, Worktable, and National foreign trade council found that expatriates lack required preparation, assistance while on assignment and appropriate support for repatriation. The expensive bottom line is that almost 44%of expatriates leave their company within two years of the contract (PR Newswire, 2001). And appropriate support system can definitely reduce the expatriate failure rate. Suggestions Recommendations Success in international business depends upon the globally effective human resource management. Todays Macs are not only challenged by internal issues but also with the norms of other countries and international competition . The following suggestion can help the reduction of expatriate failure if implemented properly. ) Good HARM practices- This includes the fixing of appropriate selection criteria, overall expatriate packages including repatriation, and integrating HER practices globally. HER has to be an integrated part of the international business to acquire necessary importance. For this further researches and studies to be undertaken with the wider definition of expatriate failure. 2) Developing cultural intelligence (HER. Magazine, 200 8) is the best available solution for facing the cultural shock effectively. This is uniquely tailored for the individual and provides an integrated approach towards learning, motivational and behavioral features. It is built on a unifying psychological model of cultural adaptation rather than piecemeal and country specific approach to training. 3) There is no one single readmes solution for the family related issues. The best thing any organization can do is to prepare the family beforehand. Ellison (Clarke, 2010) suggests people to visit the country before hand to look for schools and prepare other necessary requirements. He also encourages spouses to attend the cross-cultural training classes and most importantly to learn the language as it is not only useful but also widens the social circle as they meet similar people. Dual career resolution still remains a big issue but some organizations have started in supporting the expatriate to find suitable Job for the spouses in organizational level itself. 4) Integration of global HER activities is the key to make sure ongoing support for expatriates. Virginia Hollies (PR Newswire, 2001) recommend a five C approach in this area. These are culture, compensation, co-ordination communication and career. Culture preparations will support the expatriate to understand the difference between living in a country and visiting like a tourist. Compensation will give confidence and he/she will not feel pinched, and co-ordination deals with the ongoing support Ana return none Issues. Communication Ana career will link with the head office HER team and address any related issues. Conclusion Expatriate failure is the byproduct of the increasing internationalization of the organizations and in appropriate supporting systems to substantiate these teen requirements.

Coaching Model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coaching Model - Assignment Example The task each employee undertakes plays a huge part in the realisation of an organization’s objectives. Perspectives in this case refer to factors such as values and motivations that drive the employee to perform the delegated tasks diligently. Apparently, in an organization where workers lack motivation from the top management fails to meet its target objectives compared to an organization that boasts of motivated employees. Process refers to the manner that dictates performance of tasks such as working as a team with an intention of improving performance. An employer must ensure that his or her employees exhibit a sense of purpose and understand their delegated roles within the organization. Gray (2010) substantiates that employees with a sense of personal direction usually exhibit high performance levels. Managers need to embark on improving workers motivation such as offering fringe benefits to them because high motivation levels translate to greater employee productivity. Lastly, a manager must develop effective process within the organization such as in service training of employees because highly trained employees usually exhibit high productivity within the

Queer studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Queer studies - Essay Example It has been used by women to monitor on the differences in gender and sexuality matters for the last two decades. Assemblage and intersectionality have however, been incompatible as they are not analogous when compared in terms of content or utility. Analytics have not be bring collectively the theory since they are oppositional. The restrictions and potential of every and what might be increased by viewing them from side to side and with each other. The force of each in the territory of political theory happens through planning of these two genealogies. The notions ton the political principles of women  awareness in invention which has been motivated by individual women, by the permission of intersectional analysis to find out what type of features are probable for feminist hypothesis (Hall, 2013). In What Concrete Ways Could Puar’s And Manalansan’s Analyses Be Exemplifying What Eng, Halberstam and Munoz Calls for to be â€Å"A Renewed Queer Studies Ever Vigilant To The Fact That Sexuality Is Intersectional†? Make Sure To Discuss Both Puar And Manalansan. Around 1990 queer emerged into public consciousness. It had been a term that challenged the normalizing mechanisms of state power to call its sexual subjects: male or feminine, married or single, heterosexual or homosexual, natural or perverse. Given its commitment to interrogating the social processes that not solely created and recognized however conjointly normalized and sustained identity, the political promise of the term resided speci?cally units broad critique of multiple social antagonisms, as well as race, gender, class, position, and religion, additionally to gender. The modern mainstreaming of gay and lesbian identity—as a mass-mediated shopper lifestyle and embattled legal category—demands a revived queer studies ever wakeful to the actual fact that sex is intersectional, not extraneous to other modes of distinction, and label to a ?rm understanding of queer as a political image whereas not a?xed referent (Beemyn & Eliason, 1996). A revived queer studies, moreover, insists on a broadened thought of the late-twentieth-century international crises that have con?gured historical relations among political economies, the politics of war and terror, and national manifestations of sexual, racial, and gendered hierarchies. The following sixteen essays—largely authored by a younger generation of queer scholars—map out academic degree imperative intellectual and political piece of ground for queer studies and conjointly the trendy politics of identity, kinship, and belonging. insistence on queer studies’ intellectual and political relevance to an honest ?eld of social critique, these essays worth variety of the ?elds most very important theoretical insights whereas realigning its political attentions, historical foci, and disciplinary accounts. Broadly, these scholars examine the boundaries of queer philosophy, the denaturalizi ng potentials of queer diasporas, and conjointly the rising assumptions of what may well be called queer liberalism. Jointly, they rethink queer critique in respect to a number of historical emergencies, to borrow from Bruno Walter Benjamin, of every national and international consequence (Johnson & Henderson, 2005). References Hall, D. (2013). The Routledge queer studies reader. London: Routledge. Johnson, E. P., & Henderson, M. (2005). Black queer studies: A critical anthology. Durham, NC: Duke

Nursing Theory Website Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing Theory Website Paper - Essay Example An example was the theory by smith that contradicted the child as the client. she was a nursing theorist who was a veteran in the development of theories that concerned nursing. However, the goal attainment theory is the most popular being featured in major nursing theories. The site that delineates the particulars of the theory is the most accessible. The subject matter is also broader than that of Casey’s model (Imogene, 1987). Most of the nursing books have also come into existence after the advent of the goal attainment theory. Nevertheless, the theories have borrowed from the theory. Books that are reaching the market after the theory include `Imogene King’s nursing theory by Varghese and the Helvie theory books by Carl Helvie. The theorist still serves as an American licensed nurse and also a professor of Nursing at Old Dominion University. The site for her theory is well updated and easy to locate while surfing the web. On the other hand, the site is peculiar in that the theory bases the argument on primary findings from research carried out to peasant persons and consequent education and practice (Jarrà ­n, 2007). Books written after the theory are by people such as Julia B George, Melanie McEwen and Evelyn M Wills. Their books are also readily available and provide good

Presenting A Properly Processing To A Jury Assignment

Presenting A Properly Processing To A Jury - Assignment Example The defendant must seek the help of an advocate who will help him or her plan and prepare for pre-trial. The advocate must understand the reasons behind the outcome of the trial and the conclusions to be made by the jurors concerning the evidence. The processes stipulated above should be adhered to so that judgment will flow smoothly. The defendant should be well informed of all the procedures. The defendant must seek the help of an advocate who will help him or her plan and prepare for pre-trial. The advocate must understand the reasons behind the outcome of the trial and the conclusions to be made by the jurors concerning the evidence (Dervort, 1999). The case files are then organized. These files must contain what is required during the presentation. The success of the outcomes depends on the components of the information available in the defendant’s files. The information concerning the case is now gathered. The defendant's advocate should be able to plan and hence conduct a tangible investigation to reveal the potential evidence. He or she needs to determine reasons behind the factual investigation, prioritizing the investigation, implementing the investigative policy and litigating the case at trial court (Edwards, et al., 2008). The defendant’s information is then analyzed and interpreted.  Pre-trial readiness follows. This includes getting the required dress code, how to present the story, keeping up with the developments like trial tactics, objections, jury deselection, and identification.

Art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Art history - Essay Example Very little is known about the work or life of the painter. However, it is known that, during this time, the paintings were instrumental in both the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox churches. The painting was almost at the same time as the Madonna on the rocks by Leonardo Da Vinci and Titian Madonna of the house by Pesaro. These three paintings have the same composition of the virgin and the child (p. 204). The painting has several characters from the bible, the primary figures being the virgin and the child as the centerpiece. In this painting, the child (Christ) is borne on a litter that is decorated with rose petals which are red and white in color. This signifies a marriage between the church and Mary Ecclesia, the church and Christ himself. The litter on which the child sits is held up by two angels. This is an act in the painting is meant to create the hierarchy of the painting. Behind the image, there is a parapet which is white in color. Behind the parapet, John the Baptist and Jerome are reading a book. In the background, there is a rock which is surrounded by a river. This gives the painting a feeling of some movement. The background image also consists of several people praying. The background also shows a beautiful landscape with a lot of activities in the background (P, 216). In Madonna on the rocks, the painting shows a photo of the Virgin Mary, the child (Christ) and John the Baptist as an infant. In this piece, they are arranged in a triangular manner. The background has rocks but, has a distant landscape of water and mountains. In this painting, the Virgin Mary is the apex of the figure which forms the shape of a pyramid. The composition of this painting is almost similar to that of Madonna and Child with Saints and Angels. However, there are slight differences. This includes the Madonna and Child with Saints and Angels where the background is an open space while in the Madonna on the rocks the background is

Leadership-Article Critiques Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership- Critiques - Article Example These terms are used interchangeably to define the types of leadership. The article addresses several issues affecting leadership development. The contribution of literature based paper in defining the leadership issues is addressed in the article. Distributed leadership emerged in the education sector and has improved the performance of the students and the facilitators. It contrasts the team-based shared leadership literature. The article addresses gaps in the literature and illustrates the incompleteness of the study associated with shared or distributive leadership. In spite of the glaring difficulties of the study, it is evident that shared leadership is a complex process and a modern concept not understood by many leaders and managers. The article evaluates the assumption associated with traditional and shared leadership. Shared leadership is defined in the article as a simultaneous, ongoing and mutual influence process occurring within a team. Therefore, the work of shared lea dership is to develop the necessary interaction between the members of the team. The exploration of the fine grained dynamics of relationships within teams will produce very different research agendas based on the theory employed. In fact, the issues requiring articulation could not be addressed in the article because of the minimal literature present in the society. Critique The article is useful when addressing the leadership styles in the society. In fact, shared leadership has been used in the society to define then various issues associated with education, but the study of shared leadership has been minimal. The findings of the research are conclusive based on the number of participants and the nature of the leadership trends. I agree with the findings on shared leadership application. The role of the leaders in education is captured significantly in the process through the literature review presented. In illustration of shared leadership, the article evaluates the nature and a cceptability of shared leadership in other sectors of governance. Consequently, it addressed the application of shared leadership concept in business and organizational set-up. To illustrate change in leadership and management, the article addresses issues that affect management of teams and change of behavior. The impact of shared leadership in education is evident through the success achieved in the management of the teams. In spite of the challenges associated with the topic, the authors are able to develop a concise understanding of the leadership process and encourage the development of the necessary skills. The article is effective in describing the dynamics of relationships and the ontological debates of interest in the contemporary society. Therefore, leaders must be able to address the issues of shared leadership. Theorizing leadership should be undertaken based on extensive research carried out. Therefore, the article is vital in addressing shared leadership because it is conclusive and has diverse research work undertaken. Distributed and shared leadership articles are not less important for broader issues associated with human thinking and relationship. In conclusion, the article describes distributed and shared leadership conclusively. Article title: Exploring Distributed Leadership in the Small Business Context Article summary The article address

Presenting A Properly Processing To A Jury Assignment

Presenting A Properly Processing To A Jury - Assignment Example The defendant must seek the help of an advocate who will help him or her plan and prepare for pre-trial. The advocate must understand the reasons behind the outcome of the trial and the conclusions to be made by the jurors concerning the evidence. The processes stipulated above should be adhered to so that judgment will flow smoothly. The defendant should be well informed of all the procedures. The defendant must seek the help of an advocate who will help him or her plan and prepare for pre-trial. The advocate must understand the reasons behind the outcome of the trial and the conclusions to be made by the jurors concerning the evidence (Dervort, 1999). The case files are then organized. These files must contain what is required during the presentation. The success of the outcomes depends on the components of the information available in the defendant’s files. The information concerning the case is now gathered. The defendant's advocate should be able to plan and hence conduct a tangible investigation to reveal the potential evidence. He or she needs to determine reasons behind the factual investigation, prioritizing the investigation, implementing the investigative policy and litigating the case at trial court (Edwards, et al., 2008). The defendant’s information is then analyzed and interpreted.  Pre-trial readiness follows. This includes getting the required dress code, how to present the story, keeping up with the developments like trial tactics, objections, jury deselection, and identification.

Leadership-Article Critiques Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership- Critiques - Article Example These terms are used interchangeably to define the types of leadership. The article addresses several issues affecting leadership development. The contribution of literature based paper in defining the leadership issues is addressed in the article. Distributed leadership emerged in the education sector and has improved the performance of the students and the facilitators. It contrasts the team-based shared leadership literature. The article addresses gaps in the literature and illustrates the incompleteness of the study associated with shared or distributive leadership. In spite of the glaring difficulties of the study, it is evident that shared leadership is a complex process and a modern concept not understood by many leaders and managers. The article evaluates the assumption associated with traditional and shared leadership. Shared leadership is defined in the article as a simultaneous, ongoing and mutual influence process occurring within a team. Therefore, the work of shared lea dership is to develop the necessary interaction between the members of the team. The exploration of the fine grained dynamics of relationships within teams will produce very different research agendas based on the theory employed. In fact, the issues requiring articulation could not be addressed in the article because of the minimal literature present in the society. Critique The article is useful when addressing the leadership styles in the society. In fact, shared leadership has been used in the society to define then various issues associated with education, but the study of shared leadership has been minimal. The findings of the research are conclusive based on the number of participants and the nature of the leadership trends. I agree with the findings on shared leadership application. The role of the leaders in education is captured significantly in the process through the literature review presented. In illustration of shared leadership, the article evaluates the nature and a cceptability of shared leadership in other sectors of governance. Consequently, it addressed the application of shared leadership concept in business and organizational set-up. To illustrate change in leadership and management, the article addresses issues that affect management of teams and change of behavior. The impact of shared leadership in education is evident through the success achieved in the management of the teams. In spite of the challenges associated with the topic, the authors are able to develop a concise understanding of the leadership process and encourage the development of the necessary skills. The article is effective in describing the dynamics of relationships and the ontological debates of interest in the contemporary society. Therefore, leaders must be able to address the issues of shared leadership. Theorizing leadership should be undertaken based on extensive research carried out. Therefore, the article is vital in addressing shared leadership because it is conclusive and has diverse research work undertaken. Distributed and shared leadership articles are not less important for broader issues associated with human thinking and relationship. In conclusion, the article describes distributed and shared leadership conclusively. Article title: Exploring Distributed Leadership in the Small Business Context Article summary The article address

The Speckled band Essay Example for Free

The Speckled band Essay The horrific details that Conan Doyle puts across in his stories are not dampened in any way and this makes the story seem more believable. He goes to great lengths to describe everything so that a full picture can be constructed without leaving anything to the imagination. This ensures that the reader sees the story in exactly the way Conan Doyle wants them to see it. It also emphasises the feeling of trust for the narrator since hes sharing so many details. In The Adventure of the Engineers Thumb an example of this detail shows in the paragraph spoken by the engineer: Oh no: not now. I shall have to tell my tale to the police; but, between ourselves, if it were not for the convincing evidence of this wound of mine, I should be surprised if they believed my statement, for it is a very extraordinary one, and I have not much in the way of proof with which to back it up. And, even if they believe me, the clues which I can give them are so vague that it is a question whether justice will be done. In order to increase the image created by Conan Doyle, conversation is short, sharp and factual to make sure that only facts are expressed to the reader so that they can make up their own mind about what is happening. Conan Doyle doesnt force his opinions on them and this makes it more realistic. An example of this type of conversation is exchanged between Holmes and the Engineer: One horse? interjected Holmes. Yes, only one. Did you observe the colour? Yes, I saw it by the sidelights when I was stepping into the carriage. It was chestnut. Tired-looking or fresh? Oh, fresh and glossy. Thank-you. I am sorry to have interrupted you. Pray continue your most interesting statement. The engineer seems to be telling everything he knows and this makes him much more believable. The very detailed description of the events has another effect. It very gradually builds up the suspense and the reader is allowed to wonder what the mystery could be and what could be so unusual. The engineers statement is greatly lengthened to ensure that this happens effectively. The intrigue of this story is increased by the odd contrasts between the characters. To one side of the engineer, there is a very respectable professional man, Dr. Watson, who is in stark contrast to the quirky and abnormal private detective Sherlock Holmes and they are both in stark contrast to the engineer, a man of manual occupation. The quirkiness, that is so unique to Holmes character, adds a further level of realism to the story because it enables twists to the plot that ensure the story is not tiresome. The name Colonel Lysander Stark gives a sense of intrigue. The reader is at once put on edge about his behaviour, reminded of a stereotypical Colonel, who is a cruel harsh person with militaristic cruelty. He is portrayed as a model villain. He has a German accent, which was a very common nationality for stereotypical villains of stories of the time. From the beginning, he is described as thin, mysterious and inhuman. These qualities can be seen from Conan Doyles description of Stark: he is man rather over the middle size but of an exceeding thinness. I do not think that I have ever seen so thin a man. His whole face sharpened away into nose and chin, and the skin of his cheeks was drawn quite tense over his outstanding bones. Yet this emaciation seemed to be his natural habit, and due to no disease, for his eye was bright, his step brisk, and his bearing assured. Using little but important description, he is able to build up a powerful image that has the ability to shock the reader. It is instantly believable and this serves the purpose of calming the reader into a false sense of security. When the whole truth is finally revealed it is more stunning and much more successful in entertaining the reader. The language of the time seemed to be as formal and as accurate English as it could be and much less slang was used. Holmes and Watson speak very typically posh English. Using a language like this gives the stories the atmosphere of that time. Conan Doyle established a tradition of detective fiction and as a result Sherlock Holmes became one of the most famous and popular detectives. When Conan Doyle killed off Sherlock Holmes, the public was devastated to read about the death of the detective. Men in London wore black armbands as a mark of protest. It got so bad that Conan Doyle even received death threats and as a result he re-introduced Sherlock Holmes. This just shows how popular, realistic and believable the Sherlock Holmes stories really are. The reason why Sherlock Holmes stories are popular is because of their fascinating and realistic characters and settings. The stories are very descriptive and it gives you a clear picture of what is happening in them. The settings create an entrancing and mysterious atmosphere from a fascinating period in time for the reader to be drawn into. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

The Pragmatic Theory Of Truth William James

The Pragmatic Theory Of Truth William James The Pragmatic theory of truth is made up of the accounts, definitions, and theories of the concept truth that distinguish the philosophies of pragmatism and pragmaticism. This concept of truth is the subject of many great thinkers ideas, who influenced this area of philosophy and whose theories, though different have common features. These thinkers were Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. Some of the most characteristic features can be identified as a relying on the pragmatic maxim to clarify meanings of difficult concepts, and also an emphasis, that belief, knowledge and truth are actually a product of the process: inquiry. As most pragmatic theories, this one has roots in the minds of earlier philosophers and their philosophies, especially the Golden Age, the Scholastics and Immanuel Kant. They provide a solid background for an invaluable insight into the twist and twirl of ideas that developed in the more modern time. Due to the fact that truth through the pragmatic prism is quite often confused with a number of other notions, I believe that underlining these will put the subject matter into the proper context to contrast. Truth is a term used to describe those beliefs that are capable of reliably guiding action to an expected outcome. We call a belief true when it successfully leads us to an anticipated experience. For example, my belief that there will be a full moon on the 30th of this month counts as true when, sure enough, I look at the sky that night and see a full moon. When that happens, we can certainly say this belief is now true, but we are naturally tempted to wonder if this belief was true a few weeks ago, when I first wrote these words. A classical conception of truth is that it is the good of logic, in a case in which logic is a normative science that is an examination into a good, or a value that looks for knowledge and ways to reach it. Most explorations of the very character of truth commence with the evaluation of the elements that make up that truth. In judging whether the carrier of information, meaning and significance are undeniably truth-bearers. If we take things into consideration in a very general matter, there are slim chances that the judgment of a work, proving to be either true or false, will become set in stone; it will most probably always remain a judgment call, as it is more commonly referred to. Nevertheless there are many properly delineated areas in which it is indeed useful to consider disciplined forms of evaluation and the observation of these leads to and permits the method to come into existence and further judge truth and falsity. Theories of truth can be depicted taking into account the several aspects of description that affect the quality of what is true. The truth predicates used in various theories can be classified by the number of things that condition the proper judgment of a sign, the sign being one of the very first things to be looked at. Formal logic calls this the arity of the predicate. Another division can be made in accordance with the subdivision of any number of more specific characters that theorists consider crucial A mondiac truth predicate is one that applies to its main subject typically a concrete representation or its abstract content independently of reference to anything else. In this case a truthbearer is true in and of itself. A dyadic truth predicate applies to its main subject only in reference to something else, a second subject. Most commonly, the auxiliary subject is either an object, an interpreter, or a language to which the representation bears some relation. The third form of truth predicate is the triadic one, which applies to its main subject only in reference to a second and third subject. In a pragmatic theory of truth, for example, one has to state clearly both the object of the sign, and either its interpreter or another sign called the interpretant, before it can be said that the sign is true of its object to its interpreting agent. Numerous requirements must regarded with respect to any fundamentally simple scheme of classification, as real practice rarely has any pure types, and there are circumstances in which it is useful to mention of a theory of truth that is almost k-adic, or that would be k-adic if specific features could be abstract away and neglected in a certain framework of discussion. William James was an original thinker in and between the disciplines of physiology, psychology and philosophy. His twelve-hundred page masterwork, The Principles of Psychology (1890), is a rich blend of physiology, psychology, philosophy, and personal reflection that has given us such ideas as the stream of thought and the babys impression of the world as one great blooming, buzzing confusion (PP 462). It contains seeds of pragmatism and phenomenology, and influenced generations of thinkers in Europe and America, including Edmund Husserl, Bertrand Russell, John Dewey, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. James studied at Harvards Lawrence Scientific School and the School of Medicine, but his writings were from the outset as much philosophical as scientific. Some Remarks on Spencers Notion of Mind as Correspondence (1878) and The Sentiment of Rationality (1879, 1882) presage his future pragmatism and pluralism, and contain the first statements of his view that philosophical theories are reflectio ns of a philosophers temperament. William James argued a century ago for a conception of truth that establishes a clear middle way between the rigid logicism of contemporary analytical philosophy and the relativity of contemporary hermeneutics and deconstructionism. James argued for a humanistic and practical conception of truth, rooted in human experience and indexed to available evidence, and the perspective of human individuals or groups. His conception of the pragmatic theory is often summarized by his statement, that: the true is only is only the expedient in our way of thinking, just as the right is only the expedient in our way of behaving. Jamess take on truth and knowledge is a quite unique one. He separates two ways of knowing things, one being an intuitive knowledge, in direct experience, as a person would see an apple on the table, which he describes as an all around embracing of the object by thought, or one could know through an outer chain of physical or mental intermediaries connecting thought and thing as Europeans know the rainforests. James held that the intuitive form of knowledge was direct understanding, unmediated by anything, and truth for intuitive knowledge was a matter of direct consciousness in the flow of experience. For theoretical or representative knowledge, to know that a belief was true was to lead to it through a context which the world supplies Speaking about the truth and some theoretical representations of reality, it can be stated that a person has not the freedom to hypothesize any theories or facts he pleases, because of the complexity of the process: in direct experience of either an immediate and intuitive kind, or of an intellectual kind meaning processes within the circumstances the world supplies. These circumstances for creating rational ideas comprise processes in nature, representational systems, social world, and a connection between the stream of consciousness and all of the beforehand mentioned elements. These intellectual experiences offer a verification process and are integrated in the verification process of future truths as well. Beliefs at any time are so much experience funded. But the beliefs are themselves parts of the sum total of the worlds experience, and become matter, therefore, for the next days funding operations. So far as reality means experienceable reality, both it and the truths men gain about it are everlastingly in process of mutation-mutation towards a definite goal, it may be-but still mutation. Jamess metaphor linking the value of true knowledge with those of banking operations underlines the fact that truth must be advantageous. Experiences creating the basis of a truth must be interconnected themselves, thus theories and facts must be repeatedly modified if changes in circumstance occur. In Jamess words, the pragmatic theory of truth is True ideas are those that we can assimilate, validate, corroborate and verify. False ideas are those we cannot. That is the practical difference it makes to us to have true ideas; that, therefore is the meaning of truth, for it is all that truth is known-as. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The truth of an idea is not a stagnant property inherent in it. Truth happens to an idea. It becomes true, is made true by events. Its verity is in fact an event, a process, the process namely of its verifying itself, its verification. Its validity is the process of its validation. Starting from this idea, to James the truth and contexts of conscious experience, interaction with processes of the surrounding world, connection between things and ideas, also theories we have of the world and its mechanisms were inseparable. According to James there are on occasion two different explanations are in equal measure compatible with the facts, though there usually are not. Finding enough unruly facts will lead to a revision of theories, which will make people search for innovative facts and ideas. To obtain the notion of absolute truth one must look backward to the history of development of the notion and the history of corrections it suffered through the process of formation. Euclidean Geometry, Ptolemaic Physics and Astronomy, and Scholastic Logic and Metaphysics have all been replaced through the development of new systems of fact and theories. On the other hand, if we look into the future and see before our spiritual eyes an absolute truth toward which we are heading, we are clearly making a mistake and James said that new truth can exist only as consequences of new theories. For truths surface from facts, but they also move forward and add to them, out of which repeatedly new facts and new truths come into existence. James views rationalists conception that truth has no connection with practical reasoning as a mistake, just like the sentimentalist myth about morality. Kant argued that morality was a question of abstract, general truths discovered from pure reason through a categorical imperative. This suggests that acts can only be morel if they succumb to a logical rule and never because of certain feelings or positive consequences they will result in. In Kants point of view, only logical coherence with a categorical imperative counts in establishing morality, and that experience is irrelevant. Jamess take on this is that he holds that Kantian moralists could define and theoreticise about justice, but could not identify it in real life. He said both truth and morality have to be matters of practice in experience, otherwise they are basically meaningless. James also considered truth-seeking a form of humanistic endeavor, rooted in human life. The moral, emotional and knowledge-seeking functions of human life can not be as radically divorced from one another as the Platonism inherent in math and science sometimes misleads abstractly-oriented people to believe. James said that all true processes must lead to the face of directly verifying sensible experiences somewhere. He also extended his pragmatic theory well beyond the scope of scientific verifiability, and even into the realm of the mystical: On pragmatic principles, if the hypothesis of God works satisfactorily in the widest sense of the word, then it is true. True ideas are copies if their realities. Jamess other idea is that truth is not made for us, instead we jointly create, make truth. In this sense truth is mutable (changeable, variable) and relative to a conceptual scheme. Truth is not predefined in pragmatism, in Jamess perspective beliefs are not true until validated by verification. He believed propositions become true over the line of continuously proving to be useful in a persons specific situation. So, with James, and also Schiller, things are made true through verification this being largely rejected by most pragmatists. Nevertheless the idea that there can be no truths without some sort of conceptual scheme to express them, is a generally accepted one. Unless we decide upon how we are going to use concepts like object, existance, etc., the question how many objects exist does not really make any sense. But once we decide the use of these concepts, the answer to the above-mentioned question within that use or version, to put in Nelson Goodmans phrase, is no more a matter of convention. (Maitra 200 p. 40) The pragmatic theory of truth is an unmistaken result of the American pragmatic philosophical thinking of the early and mid twentieth century. As I stated before, through this prism the nature of truth is identified with the principle of action. An oversimplified way of putting it would be that truth, as such, does not exist in some conceptual, theoretical area of thought independent of social relationship or actions, but rather truth is a function of a dynamic process of engagement with the world and verification. Despite the fact that this notion is associated predominantly with the work of William James and James Dewey, some traces of the pragmatic theory of truth are present in the works of Peirce too, who says that there is no distinction of meaning so fine as to consist in anything but a possible difference of practice. The gist of this is that a person cannot imagine a truth or belief, unless imagining I what way that matters in the world also. For example the truth of the idea that ice is cold cannot be comprehended or accepted without also understanding what coldness means in context with other objects too, like cold water, cold feet and so on. A consequence of this is that the discovery of truth happens only through interaction with the world. Truth cannot be found while sitting idly on a chair and thinking about things. People search for belief, not doubt, and this happens on every one of the numerous occasions we come in contact with the world, may that be while doing research or just putting ourselves out there, coming into contact with our surroundings. A number of significant changes were brought about by James in relation to a better understanding of truth. The most crucial being probably the revision of the public character of truth. William James made a number of important changes to the Pragmatist understanding of truth. He shifted the process of belief-formation, application, experimentation, and observation from the general to a more intimate level, that of the individual. In this way, a belief turned into truth, when it proved to have practical use in the life of the individual. His theory was that it took time until a person could get from pretending that a belief was true and acting as such, until it actually became useful, helpful and productive, and indeed seen and considered true. An important field of application of this theory of truth was that of religion, particularly the question of the existence of God. Taken from his book Pragmatism is a statement which is as follows: On pragmatic principles, if the hypothesis of God works satisfactorily in the widest sense of the word, it is true. While in The Meaning of Truth: The true is only the expedient in our way of thinking, just as the right is only the expedient in our way of behavior. Jamess theory and the pragmatic theory in general, as any other philosophical theory, can be confronted on a number of levels. Questions can be raised concerning the ambiguity of terms and of consequences and results. What does what works mean exactly, if taken as James suggests it in the widest sense of the word? Also how can one judge a complex paradigms truth value if it is not 100 percent inclining one way or the other? If we state something like It is useful to assume I will pass my exams., that is not at all the same as the statement that It is true that I will pass my exams. It doesnt work that way. True beliefs are not always useful, and vice-versa, useful ones are not always true. Nietzsche put it like this: The falseness of a judgement is not necessarily an objection to a judgment: it is here that our new language perhaps sounds strangest. The question is to what extent it is life-advancing, life-preserving, species-preserving, perhaps even species-breeding; and our fundamental tendency is to assert that the falsest judgements (to which synthetic judgments a priori belong ) are the most indispensable to us, that without granting as true the fictions of logic, without measuring reality against the purely invented world of the unconditional and self-identical, without a continual falsification of the world by means of numbers, mankind could not live that to renounce false judgements would be to renounce life, would be to deny life. To recognize untruth as a condition of life: that, to be sure, means to resist customary value-sentiments in a dangerous fashion; and a philosophy which ventures to do so places itself , by that act alone, beyond good and evil. (Beyond Good and Evil, 333) Now, Pragmatism may be a handy means for distinguishing truth from untruth. After all, that which is true should produce predictable consequences for us in our lives. In order to determine what is real and what is unreal, it would not be unreasonable to focus primarily upon that which works. This, however, is not quite the same as the Pragmatic Theory of Truth as described by William James.

Designing a Leaflet :: Leaflets Consumerism Essays

Designing a Leaflet Tasks: 1. Design Leaflet 2. Produce Pricing System 3. Create a website 4. Create a Labelling System Task 1: Analysis Design a leaflet containing the information of the content of the shop’s selling items, prices, opening and closing hours. Form of Output:  · Hand made leaflet on an A4 sized page, which will be photo copied many times and be posted off to companies, businesses, and near by houses. The leaflet will contain pictures of sandwiches and various drinks Information to be output:  · On the first page I will have the Lancre lunch box logo.  · Opening hours  · Closing hours  · Shop name  · Location  · Map with Location clearly labelled  · Pricing  · Vouchers giving a certain amount of cash off certain sandwiches, printed in each leaflet!  · Terms and conditions top using the vouchers. (In small print on the last page, not to waste space for other deals and advertisements.  · Information on different types of sandwiches, providing a different vegetarian alternative menu for vegetarian customers.  · Information on a large selection of meat sandwiches for the majority of customers who are meat eaters. Data for output:  · On the first page I will have the Lancre lunch box logo.  · Opening hours  · Closing hours  · Shop name  · Location  · Map with Location clearly labelled Desired outcomes: 1. Text must stand out 2. Details must stand out 3. Must be colourful 4. Must be easy to read 5. Information must be justified and look neat Task 1: Design: Leaflet I have designed 2 leaflets on paper. Shortly after I designed the first one, I surveyed the issues and problems that arose. I solved the problems and applied the changes to the second leaflet. I will be using Microsoft publisher to design the leaflet. This program will provide a solution because:  · It has a colour feature, which I will take full advantage of, to attract potential customers.  · It has the ability to show me my 3-page leaflet via a visual display unit (VDU).  · It is very user friendly in the way that it can easily interpret my desired outcomes. E.g. the leaflet feature used to create a leaflet.  · Will give me a good visualisation of the outcome!  · It is specially designed to create this type of outcome! (A leaflet)  · I can import colour graphic files! Why I have chosen the colours and effects that I have chosen for the leaflet: Front page:  · I will have an Ivy border due to the fact that it will create good contrast against the Lancre lunch box logo! It will also look very

Comparing Poe and Whittman Essay -- comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Poe and Whittman  Ã‚     Ã‚   A successful writer is he who is able to transmit ideas, emotions, and wisdom on to his readers. He is cable of stirring emotions and capturing the reader's attention with vivid descriptions and clever dialogues. The writer can even play with the meanings of words and fuse reality with fiction to achieve his goal of taking the reader on a wonderful journey. His tools are but words, yet the art of writing is found in the use of the language to create though-provoking pieces that defy the changing times. Between the lines, voices and images emerge. Not everyone can write effectively and invoke these voices. It is those few who can create certain psychological effects on the reader who can seize him (or her) with inspiring teachings, frightening thoughts, and playful games with the language. These people are true writers†¦ In addition, authors frequently lack originality and simply take the reader on all-too-familiar voyages into politics, morals, or religion. Successful writers are those who risk and go on to write about topics that many times others have been less willing to address. The product of these extraordinary efforts is compositions richly enhanced by human feelings and real problems that we encounter and relate to our everyday lives†¦thought-provoking discussions about religion, philosophy, or politics. These pioneering authors are not afraid to write about evil, the perverse aspects of man, or even sexuality†¦Ã‚   Their true voices have risen from behind the words taking shape in the minds of the readers. Few have done this, but in the 19th Century two remarkable Americans produced compositions of unequal quality. Their styles and the way they approach the reader are different from t... ... something (AL 2139) Could it be that their originality sprouts from the fact that they have both been able to express so humanly the cries of the soul while at the same time leaving mysteries and ambiguity for the readers' minds to personalize to their own life experiences? Their distinct styles enabled them to expresses exactly what was on their minds with words, leaving behind all inhibitions. The themes of their compositions and the moral issues captured our attention. I think the reader was able to "feel" he was truly experiencing the story simply because so much was left as a mystery for our unconscious to reflect upon†¦ I am convinced that this is the key element that makes both Whitman and Poe successful writers.  Ã‚   Works Cited Reidhead J. ed.   (1998, Fifth Edition) The Norton Anthology of American Literature Volume 1: Norton & Company, New York

Hard Times as a Moral Fable Essay

The creative part is the fairy tale which often involves animals rather than humans. It speaks to our hearts as it entertains us; the ending is the logical, moral conclusion that satisfies our logical brains and seems â€Å"right†. The problem with all moral fables is that there are often 2 sides to the same story †¦ things are rarely so black and white in reality †¦ so there could be more than one ending †¦ e. g. here are times when speed is necessary over steadiness – of course, there also has to be good judgement. Although it is not appropriate to describe a work of art, which Hard Times undoubtedly is, as a moral fable or a morality play, yet the fact remains that there is a strong moral intention behind this novel. Hard Times is a satirical attack on some of the evils and vices of Victorian society. Satire has always corrective purpose and is therefore basically moral in its approach to the subjects it deals with. Apart from that, there are passages of direct moralising in this novel. Hard Times is a novel which from the moment of its publication aroused very different sentiments in the reading public. Dickens’s reasons for writing Hard Times were mostly monetary. Sales of his weekly periodical, Household Words, were low, and he hoped the inclusion of this novel in instalments would increase sales. Since publication it has received a mixed response from a diverse range of critics, such as F. R.  Leavis, George Bernard Shaw, and Thomas Macaulay, mainly focusing on Dickens’s treatment of trade unions and his post-Industrial Revolution pessimism regarding the divide between Capitalist mill owners and undervalued workers during the Victorian era The novel was written as a weekly serial story to run through five months of his magazine, Household Words, during 1854. Sales were highly responsive and encouraging for Dickens who remarked that he was â€Å"Three parts mad, and the fourt h delirious, with perpetual rushing at Hard Times†. Dickens had to force his story to fit the exigencies of a Procrustean bed and, in doing so, sacrificed the abundance of life characteristic of his genius. That, at any rate, was the general view of Hard Times until in 1948 F. R. Leavis, in his book The Great Tradition, suggested that it was a ‘moral fable,’ the hallmark of a moral fable being that ‘the intention is peculiarly insistent, so that the representative significance of everything in the fable – character, episode, and so on – is immediately apparent as we read. By seeing it as a moral fable, Dr. Leavis produced a brilliant rereading of Hard Times that has changed almost every critic’s approach to the novel. Yet a difficulty still remains: the nature of the target of Dickens’ satire. Both Gradgrind and Bounderby are emblematic, to the point of caricature, of representative early-nineteenth-century attitudes. Dickens tells us that Gradgrind has ‘an unbending, utilitarian, matter-of-fact face’; and the novel has been taken as an attack on the philosophical doctrine known as utilitarianism, the doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct But utilitarianism can also mean the doctrine that utility must be the standard of what is good for man. Perhaps the two meanings come together in the famous Victorian phrase, ‘enlightened self-interest,’ the meaning of which will turn entirely upon the definition of ‘enlightened. Utilitarianism in the philosophical sense, as taught by the noble-minded John Stuart Mill, has had a profound and abiding influence on Western life and thought, and Dickens was certainly not competent to criticise it as a philosophical system. But if he was no philosopher, nor even a trained mind, he was something as valuable: ‘an astonishing diagnostician of life,’ as D. H. Lawrence has been called. ‘His sensitive nose could smell death a mile away. ‘ And it is precisely those elements of nineteenth-century economic thinking that denied life which he is attacking in Hard Times. He is, in other words, continuing his attack on what may be called the statistical conception of man, on human relations evaluated in terms of arithmetic, on what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘cash nexus’ that he had launched at the beginning of his career in Oliver Twist. There he had traced its consequences in official attitudes towards poverty and in the working of the New Poor Law In order to give a concrete shape to his moral purpose, dickens in this novel uses the characters here as symbols. Almost every character in this novel is an embodiment of a certain idea or concept or principle, good or bad. In fact, there are two groups of symbolic characters: one group symbolizing certain objectionable features of Victorian life, and the other group symbolizing certain moral qualities, of which we heartily approve. These two groups of characters, symbolizing opposite principle, are confronted with each other and it is this confrontation that constitutes the focus of interest in the novel. The characters here are therefore like the ‘dramatis personae’ in a morality play; there is an allegorical intention behind the character-portrayal. However, this novel is different from a moral fable or morality play in one striking respect. While the characters in amoral fable or a morality play are purely embodiments of certain qualities, good or bad; in this novel the characters, in addition to their function as symbols of certain good or bad qualities, are also individuals in their own right. Each character here is made to live as a separate individual, sharply distinguished from the other; yet their symbolic roles cannot be questioned. Coketown itself is treated as a symbol in the novel. This industrial town represents the industrial ugliness, industrial callousness, the mechanical and monotonous life which the workmen or the â€Å"hands† are compelled to lead under a system governed by utilitarianism and laissez faire. All the passages which describe this town or its people are written in an ironical vein and have an obvious moral purpose. In the main, however, the best writing in Hard Times is a result of this tour-guide mentality, as his wonder, horror and awe lead to vivid evocations of the landscape. Many critics have made the link between Coketown and a kind of Dantesque Inferno, and his vision of industrial society is â€Å"full of horror, but possessing also a weird beauty†. The key to the weird beauty latent in the horror are the ‘melancholy mad elephants’ of machinery – Dickens was as fascinated by industry as he was repulsed by it. The industrial artefacts of Coketown are endowed with all the life drained from its inhabitants, the dehumanised ‘hands’. Like Marx, Dickens could see an â€Å"inverted world characterised by the personification of things† and as a result the inanimate objects of Coketown abound with vitality, while the people within it are cogs in a machine, â€Å"people equally like one another, who all went in and out at the same hours, with the same sound upon the same pavements, to do the same work, and to whom everyday was the same as yesterday and tomorrow, and every year the counterpart of the last and the next† . Treating the factory as a living thing leads to mental links being forged between the ever coiling â€Å"interminable serpents of smoke† and the smokescreens that people use to hide themselves from the world, or indeed the world from them, most notably Gradgrinds inability to see past his system, and Bounderby’s deliberate hiding of his past. There are also links made between the fire in the â€Å"fairy palaces† and the fire of human passion, and aptly it is the mechanical Louisa who notices this, most likely fascinated at how a non-living thing has more life than she does – â€Å"There seems to be nothing but languid and monotonous smoke. Yet when the night comes, Fire bursts out, father! † [I, xv]. Not only is this reversal of death and life hellish, but these descriptions of zombie workers in a living factory are written in a prophetic style which almost invites one to place an ‘Abandon hope all ye who enter here! sign on the factory gates. All of the images of smoke, ashes, and fire â€Å"suggest that death is ever-present in the hell of Coketown†, as does the reference to the black ladder so often in use in the working class quarters [I, x]. Michael Wheeler points to the significance of Biblical imagery in the text, stating that the New Testament is the â€Å"yardstick by its modern usurpers are measured and found wanting†, and that this is the ultimate condemnation that Dickens can heap upon it. However, I cannot help but feel that passages proclaiming that â€Å"all those subtle essences of humanity which will elude the utmost cunning of algebra until the last trumpet ever to be sounded will blow even algebra to wreck† , while suggesting that Gradgrindery and the interlocking forces of industry are to be judged and condemned, they also make it clear that they will be left well enough alone until the Judgement Day. Coketown is painted as a hell on earth, consuming the lifeblood of its inhabitants, and the fact that it itself will be destroyed in the end is of monumental insignificance for the countless generations who will have to toil there until then. On the other hand The Circus is represented as a symbol of â€Å"Humanity† as Well as Art. The circus is very important as a sybol in the scheme of this moral fable. The circus people symbolize not only art but also humanity: they are embodiments of those simple virtues of sympathy and helpfulness to others for which gradgrind’s philosophy has no use and Bounderby’s hardened heart, no room. There is a remarkable gentleness about these people, a special inaptitude for any kind of sharp practice, and an untiring readiness to help and pity one another. The moral of this novel as a whole is put by dickens in the mouth of Mr. Sleary of the circus. After giving an account of the death of siss’s father to gradgrind, Mr. Sleary comes to the conclusion that there is a kind of love in the world which is not self-interest afterall, but something very different, and that this love has a way of its own of calculating or not calculating. This is the supreme message which the novel has for us. In these few words we find a condemnation of all that Gradgrind, Bounderby, and Mrs. Sparsit symbolize, and an acceptance and approval of what Stephen and Rachel, Sissy, and Mr. Sleary himself, symbolize. There are, thus, strong grounds for calling this novel a Moral fable or a morality play with the characters functioning partly as individuals but chiefly as symbols. Finally, there are passages of direct moralizing which lend to the novel the character of a novel fable or morality play. At one point, for instance, dickens warns the â€Å"commissioners of fact† and the utilitarian economists that if they do not attend to the instincts and emotions of the poor people, reality will take a wolfish turn and make an end of everything. At another point Dickens offers an ironic commentary, with an obvious moral, upon the effects of Gradgrind’s system of education on Bitzer’s outlook. And then, of course, there is a plain and straightforward maoralizing in the final chapter when the author comments upon the ultimate fate of each of the characters.

Communication Styles †Analysis of a Special Interaction Essay

The paper is an analysis of the special interaction between a Noble and a Reflective. The analysis is a process to see how communication styles affect the interaction, and how changing one’s style when communicating with another style can result in different outcomes. This paper illustrates how I adjusted my communication style to adapt my boyfriend’s communication style and how the result changed. The paper addresses the following: 1) A description of the interaction, 2) An analysis the interaction, and 3) Conclusion. see more:describe how to support different communication abilities and needs of an individual with dementia A description of the interaction The specific interaction I want to demonstrate is the interaction between my boyfriend, Tony, and me. Because we have different communication styles, we sometimes argue and get mad at each other. He is a straight forward person; he tells me right away what I am doing wrong. As a Noble, Tony is very decisive. He likes to be center of every discussion. In contrast, I have a Reflective style; I tend to be quiet. I love spending time alone; I think deeply and do not make decisions quickly. The interaction The following scenario is an illustration of our communication styles. The interaction took place late at night two weeks ago at the Home Depot store where Tony and I went to buy some fixtures for my room. We went inside the store; he grabbed the products he needed quickly, while I took my time looking around. I showed him the light I had chosen and he said, â€Å"It is not a night light. Let’s go over another row†. He held my hand and tried to move quickly to another row, but I pushed his hand away and stood in the same area. He went by himself and said, â€Å"We have to hurry up, or we can come back tomorrow†. I was very angry, but I did not say anything. Finally, I went to the cashier, and I saw him holding a pretty night light in his hand. The impact of different communication style Although he still helped me choose the night light, his behavior made me feel like he was rushing me and did not care about me. He thinks he knows what I want, and he should have asked me what kind of light I needed. If I chose the wrong one, he should have explained what kind of light I needed. He acted as if he needed to make the decision for me because I was taking too long. An analysis of the interaction Last week, Tony helped me repaint my room and we went to the Home Depot to purchase colors and painting tools. Tony was very unhappy because I took too long to decide the paints. He also complained why I did not plan ahead of time. In the meantime, I decided to speak out what I was thinking instead of being quiet and doing my own thing. I told Tony that he should have helped me on selecting the paints because the color I wanted was not available and the instruction of choosing and mixing colors in the store was confusing me. I described what kind of color I wished to use for my room and asked him for advice. I also talked to Tony directly that I tried to ignore his offended comments, but those unconscious words irritated me. Tony realized his unintentional attitudes made me upset and he said apologize to me. We both felt like we removed the communication style barrier between us after the frank conversation and we finished shopping and painting my room successfully. I will remind mys elf to use this method in our future conversations to prevent conflicts and arguments. Conclusion Learning the communication styles concept has helped me better understand the way people interact. Each person has a distinct style of communication which has both good and bad aspects. Any miscommunication can cause unexpected outcomes, but if I can adjust or control my communication style, I can predict the result of most interactions. Therefore, I recognize that learning and understanding other styles and applying what I have learned in real life will help to bring good results.